SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This study examines the acid cleavage of dibenzylmercury by hydrogen chloride in several solvents as a possible example of electrophilic substitution at saturated carbon by a unimolecular mechanism. Kinetic measurements based on chloride ion consumption showed first-order behavior in dimethyl sulfox…
This paper extends an additive treatment of activated-complex energy from radical reactions to reactions of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. It proposes a generalized expression in which activation energy equals the sum of energies of bonds broken minus the sum of corresponding activated-bond…
The paper reports the synthesis and characterization of previously unknown furyl-2-acetylenic ketones and 5-nitrofuryl-2-acetylenic ketones, compounds of interest because their conjugated furan, acetylene, and carbonyl system may be relevant to biological activity. Furylacetylenic ketones were prepa…
This study examines the pore structure and sorption behavior of montmorillonite-containing trepel clays from several Volga region deposits. The authors compare adsorption structural analysis using water and benzene vapor isotherms, BET surface estimates, heats of wetting, mercury porosimetry, electr…
This study examines how partial chlorination affects the thermodynamics of high-elastic deformation in gutta-percha. Purified gutta-percha was chlorinated to varying chlorine contents, vulcanized, and tested in extension at elevated temperatures, with stress-temperature data used to estimate entropy…
The study examines reactions of chloral with trialkyl and mixed phosphites bearing strongly electronegative substituents, focusing on deviations from the usual Abramov and Perkow reaction pathways. Equimolar reactions at room temperature were characterized by elemental analysis, melting points, mixe…
Magnetic susceptibilities of solid inner-complex compounds of nickel(II) and copper(II) with Schiff bases were measured at 297 K by the absolute Faraday method to assess their bonding and stereochemistry. The calculated effective magnetic moments show that nickel complexes range from diamagnetic beh…
This study examines reactions of thermalized electrons in frozen aqueous perchlorate and perchloric acid solutions irradiated with cobalt-60 gamma rays at minus 196 degrees Celsius. The authors estimate thermalized electron yields from perchlorate destruction and use steady-state competition kinetic…
Mössbauer spectra were measured for organotin compounds formed from dibutyltin oxide and carboxylic or omega-chlorocarboxylic acids, using Sn-119m dioxide as the gamma source and absorbers cooled to 77 K. Chemical shifts and quadrupole splittings were used to compare products obtained under stoichio…
This paper reports an electron paramagnetic resonance study of several benzoylhydrazyl free-radical derivatives in dioxane solution, with attention to hyperfine structure and the role of nitro substitution in the benzoyl residue. Experimental spectra were compared with calculated spectra to estimate…
This study examines how aggregation state affects the photoconductive and photoinduced EPR properties of triphenylmethane and xanthene dye layers, including crystal violet, brilliant green, malachite green, rhodamine 6Zh, and rhodamine B. Amorphous mirror-like layers and polycrystalline scattering l…
This paper analyzes chain termination at reactor walls when two interconverting active centers diffuse in a cylindrical vessel, with particular attention to regimes relevant to hydrocarbon oxidation. By solving stationary diffusion and kinetic equations with boundary conditions in which one radical …
This paper examines the reversible dehydrofluorination of 2-monohydroperfluoroisobutane and related esters under the action of triethylamine. The authors show that triethylamine alone leaves 2-monohydroperfluoroisobutane largely unchanged because equilibrium favors hydrofluorination, but benzoyl chl…
This paper reports the synthesis of methyl 9-O-glycyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid as a model O-aminoacyl derivative for studying possible linkages of neuraminic acid in biologically important biopolymers resistant to neuraminidase. N-acetylneuraminic acid was isolated from blood serum proteins, converte…
This paper examines the proposed mechanism behind water columns with anomalous properties formed by condensation of water vapor in freshly drawn glass capillaries, focusing on whether glass leaching can account for their reduced vapor pressure and other behavior. The authors measure electrical condu…
This study examines how polar substituent effects influence cleavage of the carbon iodine bond in reactions of unsymmetrical diaryliodonium tetrafluoroborates with triphenylphosphine. A series of substituted diaryliodonium salts was subjected to photochemical and, for comparison, thermal reaction co…
This study examines how positive charge and aryl substituents affect the anticholinesterase activity of O,O-diethyl-S-[(beta-arylmethylamino)-ethyl]-thiophosphates and their methylsulfomethylates. A series of tertiary amine and quaternary ammonium organophosphorus inhibitors with different meta and …
This paper examines the mechanism of the elementary act in the solvent extraction of inner-complex metal compounds, specifically whether the extractable complex forms in the aqueous phase or at the phase interface. Zolotov proposes a kinetic test based on comparing extraction rates in solvents with …
This study examines the nature of “constitutional water” in selected heteropoly acids and salts after removal of crystallization water. Phosphomolybdic, phosphotungstic, and silicotungstic acids, together with sodium and barium phosphotungstate salts, were dehydrated to stable low-water structures a…
This study examines how oxygen chemisorption affects the work function and electrical conductivity of highly dispersed rutile titanium dioxide at room temperature. Simultaneous measurements of contact potential difference and alternating-current conductivity during oxygen adsorption and evacuation s…
This communication examines the feasibility of separating nitrogen isotopes by chemical exchange involving complex formation, extending an approach previously applied to other light elements. The authors test isotope fractionation between gaseous ammonia and the liquid ammonia complex with n-propyl …
This paper examines the use of Lorentz-Lorenz molecular refractions for evaluating the structures of organic boron compounds, especially boron-nitrogen compounds. It proposes a statistical criterion for comparing experimental and calculated molecular refractions by assigning confidence limits to cal…
This study examines how the durability of modified alkyd polymer coatings depends on formation temperature and subsequent aging conditions. Coatings formed on glass and metal at 20 to 180°C were aged under heat, ultraviolet irradiation, moisture, atmospheric exposure, and accelerated GIPI-4 tropical…
This paper examines the determination of polymer cohesive energy densities from critical opalescence measurements in polymer solutions, using Debye’s relation between the mean radius of action of intermolecular forces, coil dimensions, and solvent and polymer interaction parameters. The authors deri…
This study examines how steric effects from side substituents influence the viscometric behavior and molecular weight distribution of polyarylates based on isophthalic acid and several dihydric phenols. Polyarylates prepared by equilibrium and interfacial polycondensation were fractionated, their mo…
Water vapor was ionized in strong electric fields on tungsten, molybdenum, platinum, gold, and nichrome emitters, and the resulting ions were analyzed with a magnetic mass spectrometer. The spectra on tungsten, molybdenum, and nichrome were dominated by oxonium ion hydrates of the form protonated wa…
This study reports the synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of a series of phosphacyclopentene and oxaphosphacyclopentene derivatives, motivated by earlier indications of physiological activity in related organophosphorus compounds. Esters, acids, a sodium salt, and phosphine oxide deriva…
This paper examines the crystal morphology of synthesized cubic boron nitride, motivated by earlier discrepancies between reported tetrahedral or octahedral habits and the sphalerite-type structure indicated by X-ray data. More than 100 improved crystals, together with polished sections and reflecte…
This study examines etherate complexes of trichlorogermane and related Group IVB trihalides with simple ethers using proton NMR spectroscopy, with supporting elemental, material-balance, and infrared observations. The spectra indicate that diethyl ether forms a complex of composition 2 ether to 1 tr…
This study examines photochemical transformations in frozen solutions of transition metal complex oxalates under ultraviolet irradiation using electron paramagnetic resonance at 77 K. Solutions containing trioxalate complexes of cobalt, iron, chromium, and manganese, as well as simple oxalate salts,…
The study investigates how stable nitroxide radicals are destroyed during electron irradiation of frozen solid solutions in isopropyl alcohol at 100 K, using electron paramagnetic resonance to follow both the stable radical and radicals formed in the solvent. Solutions of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidi…
The paper examines the kinetics of oxygen chemisorption on powdered silver at low oxygen pressure, with simultaneous measurements of adsorption and electron work function from contact potential differences. Experiments at approximately 2.5 x 10^-2 mm Hg and 23 to 200°C show an initial kinetic region…
This paper examines the direct, nonsensitized liquid-phase photooxidation of trichloroethylene by oxygen to form dichloroacetyl chloride, with further oxidation products including phosgene, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen chloride. Experiments varied temperature, irradiation intensity and wavelength, …
Polypyromellitimide films subjected to different degrees of heat treatment were examined by differential thermal analysis and vacuum dilatometry to clarify their phase and aggregate behavior between 20 and 400°C. Initial polyamic acid and partially imidized films showed irreversible endothermic effe…
Cycloheptatriene derivatives bearing electron-acceptor substituents in the side chain are examined for heterolytic cleavage of the cycloheptatrienyl carbon bond. Experiments with cycloheptatrienylmalonic acid, cycloheptatrienylacetylacetone, cycloheptatrienylacetaldehyde, and cycloheptatrienylacetoa…
This paper examines how the thermodynamic activity of carbon in austenite is related to the interstitial structure of the iron lattice. It reviews earlier activity equations and argues, using Pauling’s polyhedron method, that carbon can occupy only one quarter of the octahedral voids because adjacen…
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance was used to examine the state and position of hydrogen ions and hydration water in silicotungstic, phosphotungstic, and phosphomolybdic heteropoly acids during dehydration. Measurements of absorption line intensity, width, and second moment at low temperature showed…
This study examines the liquid phase hydrogenation of mononuclear aromatic compounds using ruthenium dioxide, ruthenium on activated carbon, and ruthenium on silica gel catalysts under elevated hydrogen pressure. Experiments in rotating autoclaves show that ruthenium dioxide is generally the most ac…
This paper derives general relations for predicting the sequence of precipitation and the resulting order of zones in precipitation chromatograms. Using solubility products, ion activities, supersaturation ratios, and initial ion concentrations, it shows that precipitation order can depend both on t…
This study examines the kinetics of oxidation of several divalent platinum complexes by sodium vanadate in order to assess how ligands affect the oxidation rate of the central platinum atom. Using a sampling method at constant sulfuric acid acidity, the authors determined reaction orders, rate const…
This paper examines a proposed variety of anomalous mixed crystals in which coprecipitation under logarithmic distribution depends positively on the concentration of the macrocomponent cation. Using thorium-234 as a tracer, the authors studied the coprecipitation of microquantities of thorium with s…
This study examines keto, enol tautomerism in the methyl and ethyl esters of 4-ketotetrahydrothiopyran-3-carboxylic acid, for which chemical determination was hindered by the presence of sulfur. Using infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy, the authors compare these sulfur-containing esters with anal…
This study examines the electrical conductivity of trifluoroborazane in water, ethyl alcohol, and dimethylformamide to clarify the behavior of its donor acceptor bond in solution. Conductometric measurements, together with pH determinations for aqueous solutions, show that conductivity depends on te…
This paper addresses the detection, quantitative determination, and separation of cis and trans isomeric diammines of divalent platinum, especially where synthesis yields mixtures. It proposes two procedures for distinguishing thiourea reaction products: sulfate precipitation selectively isolates th…
This study examines ion exchange sorption of mono-, di-, and trivalent cations from acidic nitrate solutions on silica gels produced by hydrothermal treatment of silicic acid hydrogels. Using radiometric measurements with labeled Na, Rb, Cs, Tl, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Y ions, the authors compare uptake acr…
This paper examines the equilibrium distribution of sodium chloride between boiling water and saturated steam at high pressures, addressing the concentration dependence of the apparent distribution coefficient for a strong electrolyte. The authors formulate the distribution in terms of molecular and…
This study examines the gas chromatographic behavior of type X zeolites in which sodium ions were partially replaced by magnesium cations. Three magnesium-containing NaX samples with different exchange levels were prepared by ion exchange, structurally checked by Debye-Scherrer patterns, and tested …
This paper examines the mechanism of high-temperature oxidation and self-ignition of stoichiometric methane, oxygen mixtures in shock waves, addressing discrepancies in reported ignition-delay activation energies. Using Schlieren streak photography, pressure measurements, and hydroxyl emission photo…
