Characteristics of Products from Direct Distillation of Oil from the Luginets Field in Tomsk Oblast
Abstract Generated abstract
This study characterizes straight-run distillation products from low-sulfur, paraffinic crude oil of the Luginetskoye field in Tomsk Oblast, using laboratory distillation and standard product tests. The oil shows high yields of light fractions, with gasoline cuts lacking sulfur compounds but having low octane numbers that can meet A-66 gasoline requirements when tetraethyllead is added, while the 120 to 240°C cut satisfies key requirements for TS-1 and T-1 jet fuels. Diesel fractions exhibit high cetane numbers, low sulfur, low coking tendency, and suitable viscosity and pour points, and the 350 to 430°C fraction is identified as a favorable catalytic cracking feedstock. Adsorptive separation results indicate a total potential yield of 12.3% high-quality distillate and residual oils, and residue properties suggest possible production of several grades of fuel mazut.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAIGHT-RUN OIL DISTILLATION PRODUCTS FROM THE LUGINETSKOYE FIELD IN TOMSK OBLAST
K. K. Stramkovskaya, N. M. Smolyaninova,
L. E. Aleksandrova, L. N. Repina
(Presented by the Scientific-Methodological Seminar of the Organic Departments)
The oil of the Luginetskoye field in Tomsk Oblast is low-sulfur, paraffinic, and is distinguished by an exceptionally high yield of fractions boiling up to 200 and 300°C (36% and 57%, respectively).
Straight-run fractions of this oil (sample from well 155, horizon Yu-1), obtained in an ARN-2 laboratory apparatus, were studied as commercial products. The main indices are given in Table 1.
The gasoline fractions are characterized by a complete absence of sulfur compounds, low octane numbers (44–67), and high susceptibility to tetraethyllead. All fractions from IBP to 180°C, with the addition of 0.82 g TEL per kg, meet the GOST requirements for A-66 motor gasoline. They can also be used as components in the manufacture of other grades of motor gasoline and serve as feedstock for producing high-octane gasolines in the reforming process.
The most important characteristics of fuels for turbojet engines are heat of combustion and density, which determine the possible flight range of an aircraft, as well as a low initial crystallization temperature. According to all these indices, the 120–240°C fraction fully meets the necessary GOST requirements for jet fuel of grades TS-1 and T-1. It has a sufficiently high density \((\rho^{20}_{4} 0.7950)\), releases 10,300 kcal of heat per kilogram of fuel upon combustion, and begins to crystallize at a temperature of minus 65. The 120–280°C fraction, in terms of initial crystallization temperature \((-52^\circ\mathrm{C})\) and elevated content of aromatic hydrocarbons (25%), does not meet the necessary GOST requirements for jet fuel.
From Luginetskaya oil an illuminating kerosene can be obtained with a yield of 35%. Low octane numbers (27–25) exclude the possibility of using kerosene distillates as tractor fuel.
Diesel-fuel fractions are characterized by high cetane numbers (56–52), low sulfur content (0.11–0.23%), and low coking tendency (0.01%). In terms of cetane numbers, viscosity level (at 20°C—from 2.95 to 5.45 cSt), and pour point (from −18 to −33°C), all fractions meet the GOST requirements for diesel fuel.
The high-boiling cut (350–430°C) is a favorable feedstock for catalytic cracking. It contains 59% paraffin-naphthene hydrocarbons and 41% aromatic hydrocarbons. There is a small amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and resinous substances, which cause increased coke formation on the catalyst, in it.
Table 1
Characteristics of commercial products from Luginetskoye-field crude oil
| Cut temperature, °C | Yield on crude, % | Density, $\rho_4^{20}$ | Viscosity, cSt at 20°C | Viscosity, cSt at 50°C | Total sulfur content, % | Solidification temperature, °C | Flash point (closed cup), °C | Cloud point, °C | Onset of crystallization, °C | Iodine number, g iodine per 100 g fuel | Octane number | Cetane number | Aromatics content, wt. % | Smoke point, mm | Acidity, mg KOH per 100 ml fraction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28–85 | 9.7 | 0.6945 | — | — | absent | — | — | — | — | — | 67.3 | — | — | — | 0.58 |
| 28–120 | 18.7 | 0.7185 | — | — | » | — | — | — | — | — | 59.4 | — | — | — | 0.72 |
| 28–150 | 25.6 | 0.7325 | — | — | » | — | — | — | — | — | 52.4 | — | — | — | 0.80 |
| 28–200 | 35.2 | 0.7515 | — | — | » | — | — | — | — | — | 44.0 | — | 13 | — | 0.80 |
| 120–240 | 25.6 | 0.7950 | 1.40 | 5.74* | absent | — | —65 | 37 | — | 0.12 | — | — | 22 | 26 | 0.74 |
| 120–280 | 34.1 | 0.8090 | 1.75 | 7.91* | » | — | —52 | 39 | — | 0.25 | — | — | 25 | 23 | 1.05 |
| 150–280 | 27.1 | 0.8235 | — | — | 0.03 | — | — | 50 | —38 | — | 27 | — | — | 22 | 1.15 |
| 150–320 | 35.0 | 0.8375 | — | — | 0.06 | — | — | 57 | —32 | — | 25 | — | — | 20 | 1.58 |
| 150–350 | 43.0 | 0.8470 | 3.00 | 2.20 | 0.11 | —33 | — | 65 | — | 0.06 | — | 56 | — | — | 1.87 |
| 200–350 | 31.5 | 0.8550 | 4.10 | 2.70 | 0.16 | —28 | — | 99 | — | 0.08 | — | 56 | — | — | 1.73 |
| 240–350 | 23.4 | 0.8645 | 5.40 | 3.65 | 0.23 | —18 | — | 123 | — | 0.06 | — | 52 | — | — | 2.64 |
| 350–432 | 15.1 | 0.9085 | — | 21.00 | 0.50 | 14 | — | 210 | — | — | — | — | 41 | — | — |
* At a temperature of —40°C.
amount (IV group of aromatic hydrocarbons—9.5%, resinous substances—9.6%). The coking tendency of this fraction, which is an indirect characteristic of the feedstock’s propensity for coke formation during catalytic cracking, is very low (0.01%).
Fig. 1. Curves showing the dependence of oil properties on the depth of adsorptive separation of the 350–430°C fraction of Luginetskoye oil
Fig. 2. Curves showing the dependence of oil properties on the depth of adsorptive separation of the residue above 430°C from Luginetskoye oil
Fig. 3. Characteristics of residues from Luginetskoye oil
The results of adsorptive separation on silica gel according to GOST 11244-65 for the 350–430°C fraction and the residue boiling above 430°C, presented in Figs. 1 and 2, make it possible to determine the potential content of high-quality oils in this feedstock. According to Fig. 1, 8.3% of distillate oils with a viscosity index of 85, a pour point of −10°C, and a viscosity level at 100°C of 4.68 cSt can be obtained from Luginetskoye oil; the potential yield of residual oils (Fig. 2) with a viscosity index of 85, a pour point of −20°C, and a viscosity level at 100°C of 27.60 cSt is 4.0% based on the oil; the total potential content of high-quality distillate and residual oils is 12.3%.
The characteristics of residues of different withdrawal depths (Fig. 3) indicate the possibility of obtaining fuel mazuts of grades 40, 100, and 200 with yields of 26.0, 17.5, and 18.5%, respectively.